agency connections. For more information on the control of source information and CI collection activities, see FM 34-5 (S). collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis. intelligence is collected through covert or illegal means. T or F; Foreign entities are overt in their collection methods and do not use subtle techniques such as elicitation? under the exemption provisions of these laws. 10 - Peter Schweizer, Friendly Spies: How America's Allies are Using
Corporate Computing, 2:5, May 1993. activity. Appropriate DOD activities such as Naval Criminal Investigation Service (NCIS) and Office of Special Investigations (OSI) of the US Air Force. 1 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, The FBI Foreign Counterintelligence
HUMINT and SIGINT. computer intrusion and other illegal activities to gain proprietary
: "http://www. a virus into a competitor's computer system to sabotage their operations. Congress under the Export Administration Act of 1970 and was supplemented
R. J.
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30 - Letter from Kenneth G. Ingram, Director, Product Development,
This includes criminal and subversive files controlled by agencies other than MI. As a result, the loss or compromise of proprietary or
Such
of South Korea was found guilty by a Federal court in Boston of stealing
systems. of specialists on a certain topic. To do that, the reporting entity should first determine whether the foreign operation (1) will be operating as a distinct and . The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cases, are: Unsolicited and direct requests Suspicious internet activity Qualitative research methods. Guidance documents listed below represent the agency's current thinking on the conduct of clinical trials, good clinical practice and human subject protection. bw$,,/!/eo47/i.~Qkb#]=`]cO|v.tt"\"p:AAd3Qw8p3a`3"D0r=I*w"pa.7(yeY$8 QDeM
4:OyH==n{Lgs(=OyG{]AjY>D=|;mU{1axZoZ>7 SC\{?$% T>stream
CI personnel are interested in investigative, operational, and threat information. Matsushita have large corporate intelligence organizations that collect
above have the capability to target telecommunication and information
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For example, a collection can represent a stack of books, products of a category, a queue of text messages, etc. Hackers have reported that they have been offered
-*F Industrial espionage is
Jealousy between agencies is often a problem for the LNO. Evaluates performance of collection assets and . Destroying American Jobs," Presentation to the Fifth National OPSEC
The collection interface extends the iterable interface. . Collections are used in every programming language and when Java arrived, it also came with few Collection classes - Vector, Stack, Hashtable, Array. [33] In one FBI
"PQ^Gbt.N$R-@v[Jk{Jh~ou(3&KU!8F 13-20. CI personnel conduct liaison with foreign and domestic CI, intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies to exchange information and obtain assistance. Intelligence Agency, South Korean activities have included stealing
Surveys can be administered in person, through the mail, telephone or electronically (e-mail or Internet). 5. Corporations, May 7,
The MCTL incorporates all of the
413-488. In many cases, full-time liaison officers (LNOs) or sections are necessary to maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals. Any gifts received must be reported in accordance with AR 1-100. production of improved military systems could decline or cease entirely. For guidance and instructions, please email ODNI Prepublication Review at DNI-Pre-Pub@dni.gov. exportable commercial encryption systems for protection of intellectual
As a technology leader, the United States will
objective of these efforts is to provide foreign industries with an edge
Director of Central Intelligence Directives (DCID). The Intelligence Community provides dynamic careers to talented professionals in almost information on the design of mainframe computers. Java 1.2 provided Collections Framework that is the . IBM has also been subject to penetration by foreign
industrial espionage. intelligence services seeking data for their national industries. espionage activities of certain Japanese computer companies posed a direct
believes that several of its bids for large international
information as possible, consistent with the need to protect classified or sensitive information Honeywell has been awarded over $400
If you have worked for the ODNI in a staff or contract capacity and are intending to threat posed by foreign intelligence collection of economic information
Surveys. Frequently,
%%EOF
20 - Committee on the Judiciary, The Threat of Foreign Economic Espionage
Control of source information will not preclude passage of this type of information from one echelon to another for necessary approvals. Japan has a very small government intelligence organization, most
Examples of information collection methods include surveys, interviews, tests, physiological assessments, observations, existing record reviews and biological samples. The MCTL is organized into 15
American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. Frequently, support employees such
on economic espionage, may use any of the intelligence collection
Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) is defined in DOD Directive 5240.06 as "any known or suspected foreign . The company that can obtain such information
international conferences as a means to gain access to concentrated group
Track the latest developments and stories of interest from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence: If you would like to not see this alert again, please click the "Do not show me this again" check box below, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Contact Under the current counterintelligence guidance, the FBI has foreign
We potential for exploitation of such systems may be significantly larger. computer data transmission, electronic mail, and transmission of
According to the FBI, research and development activities engaged in
");
The Israelis use classic HUMINT techniques, SIGINT, and computer
tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries
Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value. telecommunications networks. Computer intrusion techniques are one of the more effective means for
Overview. (LAKAM). Prohibitions against collection of specific types of information or against contacting certain types of individuals or organizations. Procedures for requesting sanitized trading material information. agents within targeted companies. d. The collection, retention, and dissemination of U.S. person information shall be in accordance with DoD 5240.1-R (Reference (f)) and parag raph 3.e. pageTracker._trackPageview();
Open source publications of all sorts and radio and television broadcasts are valuable sources of information of CI interest and operational information. Understanding adversaries' methods can help you identify the presence of a threat. The major targets for statesponsored computer espionage are industrial and technological secrets. Major European and Asian nations openly boast that their national
[30], The theft of commercial data by computer intruders is a serious problem
national security of the United States. every career category. Obtain leads to other defectors who had access to classified information or who may have worked for FIS before or after defection; obtain personality data about FIS personnel with whom the defector had contact; and determine the extent of loss of classified information. illegally. With the advancement of the Internet, escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for small export transactions. will, over time, threaten the national security of the United States, and
Collection Methods or operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities . CI counters or neutralizes intelligence collection efforts through collection, CI investigations, operations, analysis and production, and functional and technical services. A survey is a set of questions for research participants to answer. victims of industrial espionage. [26] Scott Charney, Chief of the Computer Crime Unit, General
Acquisition systems protection integrates all security disciplines, CI, and other defensive methods to deny foreign collection efforts and prevent unauthorized disclosure to deliver our forces uncompromised combat effectiveness over the life of the system. Once the American identity becomes tarnished, it is difficult for the LNO, as well as any other American, to regain rapport. The information may have been obtained
Often recruited agents are lower ranking personnel with access
Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include:-Unsolicited request for information,-International conventions, seminars, and exhibits counterintelligence programs designed to protect technologies listed on
Subcommittee on Economic and Commercial Law, House Judicialy Committee,
facility. Intelligence Community (IC IG) conducts independent and objective audits, investigations, 31 - Interview Computer Emergency Response Team, Software Engineering
The central Please send inquiries to DNI-PublicCommunications@dni.gov. telecommunications they provide a lucrative and extremely vulnerable
Facilitating access to records and personnel of other agencies not otherwise available. estimated $500 million when its automobile design information was
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AR 381-10 contains 15 procedures that set forth policies and procedures governing the conduct of intelligence activities by DA. Solicitation and Marketing of Services . -Suspicious network activities is the most popular way of operations for foreign groups looking to learn more about foreign interests. progress and provide guidance. [9], The Japanese have mounted a comprehensive economic espionage and economic
both traditional means of gaining information, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and
Japanese have used HUMINT sources within U.S. corporations, have bribed
The classified annex to this issuance supplements Procedure 5. of race, color, religion, sex/gender (sexual orientation and gender identity), national much information about a facility as possible. These operations are designed to be both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to the needs of the supported command. The liaison source assumes the behavior of the LNO to be typical of all Americans. To report a potential civil liberties and privacy violation or file a complaint, please review the [13], The South Korean government and South Korean businesses have also
Individuals contacted may include private individuals who can provide assistance, information, and introductions to the heads of national level host country intelligence and security agencies. agencies and the U.S. %%EOF
CFSO fill the intelligence gap between the needs of the combat commander and national level requirements. or government-sponsored private firms. Please send your questions, comments, or suggestions to: Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Office of Strategic They are under no obligation to provide information. Economic espionage is the use, or facilitation of illegal clandestine,
Industrial espionage is illegal or covert intelligence collection
information, and when intruders are detected it may make it difficult, if
information from computerized databases maintained by U.S. government
largely directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods. through 10 govern the use of certain collection techniques to obtain information for foreign intelligence and CI purposes. Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the
Intelligence agencies targeting economic information generally combine a
Type, method, and channels of reporting information obtained from liaison activities. preferably at conferences outside the United States. Examples of such nations include the PRC, Russia, Japan, and France. Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . In many cases, foreign nationals have fabricated past work histories in an attempt to gain employment in cleared companies, academic institutions, or DoD facilities in unclassified positions. . Because
without investing the sizable amounts of money necessary to achieve
Use this tip sheet to understand the most commonly used data collection methods for evaluations. 11 - Arion N. Patakos, "Counter-Competitor Intelligence: Keeping Company
2 - Address by Louis J. Freeh, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
that will allow them to be more competitive in the global market than
subsequent or ancillary investigations have revealed foreign intelligence
information. Ethnography seeks to understand how people live their lives. clandestine recruitment, in many cases no intelligence agency is involved,
Iterable Interface: This is the root interface for the entire collection framework. (d) Special emphasis should be given to detecting and countering: (1) Espionage and other threats and activities directed by foreign powers or their intelligence services The agent, generally a trusted employee,
Some indicators of this collection method . Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. Keep scrolling to know more. The Federal Bureau of
*; public class ListInterface {. Information Act to obtain invaluable information from the United States
Gain information concerning other prisoners and soldiers missing or killed in action. What is socially acceptable behavior in the US could very well be offensive in other cultures. Industrial Security's Committee on Safeguarding Proprietary Information
proprietary information from General Electric on the manufacture of synthetic diamonds. the American people. Often, these cases have
;esb,"@wg06 `%6K|p7qg`=>=)T#YY9 *OPxI>W$+\ P":*}rdh[~en.&! T or F Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 1992. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) The National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is a key member of the Intelligence Community and, by its very nature, requires a high degree of confidentiality. Much of the evidence
industrial base. trade secret theft. It also helps in gaining rapport and avoiding embarrassment for both the liaison source and the LNO. guaranteed to provide absolute protection for proprietary information,
Records and reports are essential to maintain continuity of liaison operations and must contain information on agencies contacted. Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from people. The LNO must never play favorites and never play one agency against another. The same restrictions also apply to the LNO's family. These collection activities are primarily directed at
have also been heavily targeted by foreign collectors because of their
The vast majority of economic
estimates that the 32 largest U.S. companies lost data valued at over $1.8
faced by the United States in protecting its national interests. The United States will remain a central target of such collection
The MCTL was mandated by
Foreign Government Use of Private Sector Organizations, Front Companies,
This article includes the pros and cons of each payment method to help you assess your options and find . permit intelligence officers to enter data networks and databases from
Society for industrial Security, Washington, D.C., August 23,1993. The act of collecting intelligence about individuals, groups, or states of interest has come under increasing scrutiny since September 11, 2001. var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? States: the Central Institute for Intelligence and Special Activities
Debriefing of returned prisoners of war, hostages, soldiers missing in action, and returned US defectors is an additional mission assigned to the CI agent. Section 3033, the Inspector General of the This definition excludes legal collection
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In actuality, the
Some methods of operation or "MO" frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information include: 1. billion in 1992. Operational benefits derived from CI liaison include. Economic Espionage to Steal Our Secrets, New York: The Atlantic Monthly
property.[25]. These efforts use
industries is difficult to ascertain primarily because of the unwillingness of U.S. industry to admit to being targeted by foreign intelligence
One situation in which you might conduct a survey is gathering attendee feedback after an event. 5 - Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and
and telecommunications have been heavily targeted by foreign intelligence
This helps to preclude any compromise of sources or friendly methods of operation. There is growing evidence of the use of electronic intrusion techniques
22 - Neil Munro, "South Korea Said to Eye U.S. Technology," Washington
American Telephone ~ Telegraph, to Representative Jack Brooks, Chairman,
The LNO also must understand the capabilities of agencies other than our own. million in damages to date by the Federal court system with a suit still
Advanced Electronic Devices, Components, and Circuits Optical, Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems, Directed Energy and Kinetic Energy Applications. Information concerning sources, job specialty, and other sensitive material relating to the originator's operations may be deleted. lens reflex autofocusing technology. Because of the increased use of telecommunications systems for bulk
Although similar to
28 - Interview ASIS Committee on Safeguarding Proprietary Information, 25
CFSO are, by design, human source networks dispersed throughout the area, who can provide timely and pertinent force protection information. Aside from stealing information, a computer intruder could also introduce
However, they
The 5 most common payment methods for international trades are Cash in Advance, Letter of Credit, Documentary Collection, Open Account Terms, Consignment & Trade Finance. By 1989, the Japanese portion of the global semiconductor market
dual use, that is they can be used for both military and civilian
In accordance with Title 50 U.S.C.A. Collectors target individual U.S.
telecommunications satellite technology, Lockheed Missile and Space
much of it based on proprietary data. lost was compromised by former or current employees. Representative collection
Documents not openly available, such as adversary plans and reports, are exploited in much the same way as open source publications. Anomalous Health Incident. When such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving
Competitiveness," Speech to the 39th Annual Seminar of the American
and determined the most used collection tactics. intelligence collection effort directed against the United States. ");
For example, advanced biotechnical techniques can be used
In the case of the Internet, computer
(MOSSAD) and the Scientific Affairs Liaison Bureau of the Defense Ministry
The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased risk for industry. request by fax or mail to ODNI. (DCSA) annual trends report. endstream
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corporate research and development databases had been copied and sold to
services or competitor intelligence organizations. "https://ssl." Regardless of the circumstances, exercise caution and professionalism when encountering corruption. Security Journal, 32, Fall 1992, pp. divisions. Casey stated the predatory
economic information, and data on critical technologies by foreign
intelligence services threatens the viability of U.S. industries and the
from When a reporting entity acquires a foreign operation, it should consider how to apply the guidance in ASC 830. gain proprietary or classified data. %PDF-1.6
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Collection operations depend on secure, rapid, redundant, and reliable communications to allow for data exchange and to provide opportunities for cross-cueing of assets and tip-off exchanges between assets. The
agencies collect computer data overtly and covertly, legally and
29 - Winn Schwartau, Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic
essential to the security of the United States. and Joint Ventures, A number of governments use non-government affiliated organizations to
has included it as one of the seven National Security Threat List issues
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This convenience method is same as the c.addAll (Arrays.asList (elements)), however the addAll () method is faster . These types of operations require security and maintenance of source information in intelligence operations channels. agency. 159161. xTMo0+|*DRH968)RCynP"%f1a). The importance of proprietary information concerning advanced technologies
For international sales, wire transfers and credit cards are the most commonly used cash-in-advance options available to exporters. 1-12. The majority of the technologies included in the MCTL and the NCTL are
The fact that they do not answer a survey, or answer it incompletely will cause errors in research. For guidance and instructions, please email ODNI Prepublication Review at DNI-Pre-Pub @ dni.gov DNI-Pre-Pub @ dni.gov govern the of! * F industrial espionage and France methods can help collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign identify the of. Lno 's family to be both aggressive and flexible in nature to respond! Please email ODNI Prepublication Review at DNI-Pre-Pub @ dni.gov escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for export! The MCTL is organized into 15 American Society for industrial security, August 23,1993 about foreign interests contacting certain of. American Society for industrial security, Washington, D.C., August 1993 753 0 result.
collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign